广东省天河区高考英语语法二轮复习：阅读理解精讲精炼17含答案

广东省天河区高考英语语法二轮复习：阅读理解精讲精炼17含答案

阅读理解精讲精炼1787.Wilderness“Inwilderness（荒野）isthepreservationoftheworld.”Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.Theurgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation（开发）bringstosuchlandscapes（景观）isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed一therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these"ecosystemservices^faroutweighthegainsfromexploitation.LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview・Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundanee.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.Ilookforwardtoseeingtheseviewstakenfurther,andtotheirbeingchallengedbytheotherparticipants.Onechallengethatsuggestsitselftomeisthatbothcasesneedtotakeonthequestionofspiritualvaluealittlemoredirectly.Andthereisapracticalquestionastowhetherwildernessescanbeexploitedwithoutharm・Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.Whatpositionwildernessshouldenjoyinthepreservationoftheworldobviouslydeservesmuchmoreseriousthinking.67-JohnSauvenholdsthat・A.manypeoplevaluenaturetoomuchB・exploitationofwildernessesisharmfulC・wildernessesprovidehumanswithnecessitiesD.theurgetodeveloptheecosystemservicesisstrong68.WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?A.Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople・B•Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials・C・Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.D.Allthecharacteristicsconcemingtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.69.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardsthisdebate?A•Objective.B・Disapproving・C.Sceptical.D.Optimistic. 68.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?CP：CentralPointP：PointSp：Sub-point（次要点）C：Conclusion【要点综述】本文是一篇关于荒野保护的文章。作者从两个方面论述了人们的观点，并对于这一论题提出了自己的看法。67.B细节理解题。作者在第二段中主要论述不应该开发荒野的观点，并通过JohnSauven的视角“andthedangerexploitation（开发）bringstosuchlandscapes（景观）isreal.”予以说明。所以正确答案应为Bo68.C细节理解题。作者在第三段主要论述可以开发荒野的观点，并通过LeeLane的视角"Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.^说明荒野可以开发。所以选C。69.A推理判断题。作者从正反两方面对荒野开发进行了论述，谨慎地发表了看法,所以态度比较客观，故选Aoobjective客观的；disapproving反对的；sceptical怀疑的；optimistic乐观的。70.D文章结构题。本文作者首先提出中心论点，然后从正反两个方面进行了论述,然后回到自己的观点，最后对自己的观点做了进一步的阐释。因此D为最佳答案。88.In1986,whenCarloPetrinifirstcoinedtheterm“SlowFood,”heorganizedlocallyinhisnativeItalytopreservethefoodandwinecultureandprotestfastfood.Today,slowfoodhasspreadto132countrieswithover85,000members,addressingworldwideissueslikefarmerequityandenvironmer>ta]_stewanlship—theactionspeopletaketorespecttherightsofalllivingthingsandallenvironments,tocontributetohealthyandlivablecommunities.CharacterizedbySlowFoodInternationalasugood,clean,andfairfood,”slowfoodmustenrichtheeaters1life,havenonegativeimpactonhumanorenvironmentalhealth,andcompensatefairlyforfoodproducers1work・TheaverageAmericanmealtravelsabout1,500milestoitsfinaldestination,withproducingoffoodtravelingbyplanefromoverseasandotheritemsshippedacrossthecountry.However,costforfoodtravelandheavyprocessingarenottheonlyproblemsinthefoodindustrythattheenvironmentfaces・Industrialagriculturealsohasunsustainablepracticeslikeinefficientwateruseanddecreasedbiodiversity・Ourideasinfeedingourselvesareexceptionakbutatvariouspointsourtechnologiescomeintoconflictwithnature^waysofdoingthings.Agreatmanyofthehealthandenvironmentalproblemscreatedbyourfoodsystemowetoourattemptstooversimplifynaturescomplexities,atboththegrowingandtheeatingendsofourfoodchain. “Slowing"food,bypurchasinglocallyandsustainably,allowsconsumerstoreducetheimpactof"foodmiles”anddevelopacloserrelationshipwiththeirfoodproducers.uWeneedtochangeourfoodsystem,”saidDavidPrior,organizerofSlowFoodNationEat-In."Ourcurrentfoodsystemissickandweneedtosupportfarmersandagriculturetoensurethateveryonehastherighttonutritiousfood.^^36.Themainideaofthepassagecanbesummarizedas・A.whyslowfoodissoimportantB・thefoodandwinecultureisrichinItalyC.whatyouYeeatingalwaystravelsalongwayD・slowfoodmakesthecurrentfoodsystemsick37.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,"environmentalstewardship^refersto・A.measuresofenvironmentalprotectionsB・waystoestablishhealthyandlivablecommunitiesC.people"sadmirationforallthecreaturesontheearthD.actionstoprotecttherightsofalllivingthingsandenvironment38.Slowfood"scharacteristicdoesn"tliein・A.improvingthequalityofeaters1lifeB・providingafairpayforfoodworkersC.beingfriendlytohumanandenvironmentalhealthD・developingalooserelationshipwithfoodproducers39.WhatisDavidPriofsattitudetowardscurrentfoodsystem?A•Suspicious・B・Unsatisfied.C•Indifferent.D.Supportive・【要点综述】本文的作者告诉我们，如果想吃得更健康、更营养，那就提倡“慢食物”吧！36.A主旨大意题。本文主要探讨“慢食物”的重要性，以及“慢食物”给人们带來的好处，故答案选A项。37.D细节理解题。从第二段中的“environmentalstewardship一theactionspeopletaketorespecttherightsofalllivingthingsandallenvironments可矢U,环境管理(environmerHalstewardship)的内容就是“破折号”后的解释，即“人们尊重所有生物和坏境的权利的行动”，故D项正确。38.D细节理解题。从第三段可知，“慢食物运动”的特色就在于改善饮食者的饮食质量；不对人类健康和环境卫生产生副作用；给食物供应商以合理的报酬。D项则没有提到，故答案选D项。39.B推理判断题。从最后一段DavidPrior所说的话可知，他认为当前的食物系统很糟糕，需要改进，所以他的态度应该是不满意的(unsatisfied)oA项表示“怀疑的”；C项表示“漠不关心的”；D项表示“支持的”，都不符合语境。89.uChildrenshouldnotbeleftunsupervised(无人监督的)toplaywithaclog.”sayexpertsinthisweek"sBritishMedicalJournal.Theiradviceispartofareviewaimedatdoctorswhodealwithdogbites.44Dogbitesandmaulingsareaworldwideproblem,particularlyinchildren.writeMarinaMorganandJohnPalmer.Everyyear250,000peoplewhohavebeenbittenbydogsattendminorinjuriesandemergencyunitsintheUnitedKingdom,andhalfofallchildrenarereportedlybittenbydogsatsometime,boysmorethangirls.Accuratedeathfiguresaredifficulttoobtain,butinthepastfiveyears,twotothreecasesayearhavemadenewsheadlines.Basedonthelatestmedicalevidence,theyadvisedoctorshowtoexamineandtreatapatientpresentingwithadogbite.Theydiscusstheriskofinfectionandwhentorefertospecialistcare.For travelersbittenabroad,theysuggestassessingtheriskofrabies（狂犬病）.Intermsofprevention,theysuggestthatchildrenshouldbetaughttotreatdogswithrespect,avoiddirecteyecontact,andnotteasethem.Theyshouldbetaughtnottoapproachanunfamiliardog;playwithanydogunlessunderclosesupervision;runorscreaminthepresenceofadog;petadogwithoutfirstlettingitsniffyou;ordisturbadogthatiseating,sleeping,orcaringforpuppies.“Dogownersalsoneedtochangetheirbehavior”，saysRachelBesser,achildren"sdoctorandlifetimedogowner,inanarticle.Ttisclearthatnotalldogownersappreciatethatchildrenshouldnotbeleftunsupervisedwithadog"shesays.Justassomeparentsareobligedtotakeparentingclasses,shewouldliketoseecompulsiveclassesforexpectantdogownerstoteachthemabouttheresponsibilitiesofdogownership.Educationalprogramsarealsoneededtoteachchildrenaboutsomeprecautionarybehaviorsarounddogs・Finally,shewouldliketoseevetsadvisingdogownersaboutbiteprevention,anddoctorspromotingbitepreventionwhentreatingpatientswhohavebeenbittenbydogs・16.Dogbitingstudiedbytheexpertsisaproblem・A.thatdoctorsdealingwithdogbitesshouldpayattentiontoB・happeningonlytoafewchildrenoftheworldC.onlyboysmaymeetwithD.aboutwhichexpertsgetaccuratestatisticsfromthenewsheadlines17.Theunderlinedword“they"inparagraph4refersto“A.doctorsB.parentsC.expertsD・dogowners18.Toavoiddogbites,achildshould・A.treatdogswithrespectanddirecteyecontactB・approachanunfamiliardogC.runorscreaminthepresenceofadogD・leaveadogfeedingitself19.WhatareRachelBessefswordsmainlyabout?A・Allthedogownerswouldlikechildrentobeleftunsupervisedwithadog・B・Allthedogownershaveacorrectbehaviortowarddogs.C・Notalldogownersappreciatethatchildrenshouldbeleftwithdogsundersupervision.D・Notalldogownersshouldattendclassesabouttheresponsibilitiesofdogownership.20・Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A・Dogs,DangerousToChildrenB.ChildrenShouldKnowBehaviorsAroundDogsC・Doctors,TreatDogBitesCorrectlyD.NeverLeaveChildrenUnsupervisedWithDogs【要点综述】狗咬人，尤其是狗咬小孩的现象尤其需要引起关注，为此，需要采取一定的措施。16.A细节理解题。根据第一段“Theiradviceispartofareviewaimedatdoctorswhodealwithdogbites：可知，专家所研究的狗咬人的问题也应该是相关医生应给予重视的问题，故答案选A项。17.C代词指代题。第四段共有三句，其主语均为“they”，应指同样的人，根据“Basedonthelatestmedicalevidence”再结合第一段专家的讲话可推断，“他们”指研究狗咬人这一问题的专家们，故选C项。1&D细节理解题。根据第五段"Theyshouldbetaughtnottoapproachanunfamiliardog;playwithanydogunlessunderclosesupervision;runorscreaminthepresenceofadog;petadogwithoutfirstlettingitsniffyou;ordisturbadogthatiseating,sleeping,orcaringfor puppies."可矢U，为了避免狗咬，小孩应该让狗自己吃，而不要去打扰它，故选D项。19.C细节理解题。根据第七段"Itisclearthatnotalldogownersappreciatethatchildrenshouldnotbeleftunsupervisedwithadog"可知，雷切尔医生认为，并非所冇的狗的主人都认为孩子们和狗在一起的时候要有大人的照看。由此判断选C项。20.D主旨大意题。狗咬人，尤其是狗咬小孩的现象比较严重，那么如何避免狗咬小孩呢？这才是本文的写作重点，而只有D项更能说明此问题，故正确答案选D项。90.Inhis1930essay"EconomicPossibilitiesforOurGrandchildren^,JohnKeynes,afamouseconomist,wrotethathumanneedsfallintotwoclasses:absoluteneeds,whichareindependentofwhatothershave,andrelativeneeds,whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows.Hethoughtthatalthoughrelativeneedsmayindeedbeinsatiable（无止境白勺），thisisnottrueofabsoluteneeds.Keyneswassurelycorrectthatonlyasmallpartoftotalspendingisdecidedbythedesireforsuperiority・Hewasgreatlymistaken,however,inseeingthisdesireastheonlysourceofinsatiabledemands.Decisionstospendarealsodrivenbyideasofqualitywhichcaninfluencethedemandforalmostallgoods,includingevenbasicgoodslikefood.Whenacouplegoesoutforananniversarydinner,forexample,thethoughtoffeelingsuperiortoothersprobablynevercomestothem•Theirgoalistoshareaspecialmealthatstandsoutfromothermeals.Therearenoobviouslimitstotheescalationofdemandsforquality.Forexample,Porsche,afamouscarproducer,hasamodelwhichwasconsideredperhapsthebestsportscaronthemarket.Pricedatover$120,000,ithandlesperfectlywellandhasgreatspeedacceleration.Butin2004,theproducerintroducedsomechangeswhichmadethemodelsligh什ybetterinhandlingandacceleration.Peoplewhoreallycareaboutcarsfindthesesmallimprovementsexciting.Togetthem,however,theymustpayalmostfourtimestheprice.Byplacingthedesiretobesuperiortoothersattheheartofhisdescriptionofinsatiabledemands,Keynesactuallyreducedsuchdemands.However,thedesireforhigherqucilityhasnonaturallimits.72.Accordingtothepassage,JohnKeynesbelievedthat・A.desireistherootofbothabsoluteandrelativeneedsB・absoluteneedscomefromoursenseofsuperiorityC・relativeneedsaloneleadtoinsatiabledemandsD.absoluteneedsarestrongerthanrelativeneeds73.WhatdoweknowaboutthecoupleinParagraph3?A.Theywanttoshowtheirsuperiority.E.Theyfindspecialtyimportanttomeals.A.Theirdemandsforfoodarenoteasilysatisfied.B.Theirchoiceofdinnerisrelatedtoideasofquality.74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"escalation^inParagraph4probablymean?A.Understanding.B.Increase.C.Difference.D.Study.75・Theauthorofthepassagearguesthat・A.absoluteneedshavenolimitsB.demandsforqualityarenotinsatiableC.humandesiresinfluenceideasofqualityD.relativeneedsdecidemostofourspending【要点综述】本文就人的需要的分类进行了论述。作者首先叙述了对JohnKeynes观点的部分认同，但其后则是对其观点的批驳。该文作者认为，人的需要在很大程度上是对质量的 无尽追求。72.C细节理解题。短文第一段最后一句说明JohnKeynes需要论的观点：相对需要是无止境的。73.D推理判断题。从该段第一句可知作者在该段一再强调的是质量需求的重要性。这对夫妇在外面就餐庆祝结婚周年即体现了对该顿晚餐的选择与对其质量的要求相关。74.B词义猜测题。从该段材料对保时捷的改进及人们对此改进趋之若鸳的追求来看，人们对质量需求是不断提高的。因此可断定该词含义为“提高”。75.A推理判断题。第一段对JohnKeynes关于absoluteneeds的观点进行了肯定和质疑，而下文提出质量需求是无止境的。该题主要说明作者对JohnKeynes关于relativeneeds是无止境的论断的质疑。干扰最大的是B选项，该观点是作者的观点，而不是被质疑的观点。该题题干中的argue在此是“质疑和争辩”的意思。91.Youaregivenmanyopportunitiesinlifetochoosetobeavictimoracrealor.Whenyouchoosetobeavictim,theworldisacoldanddifficultplace."They”didthingstoyouwhichcausedallofyourpainandsuffering・“They"arewrongandbad,andlifeisterribleaslongas"they"arearound.Oryoumayblameyourselfforallyourproblems,thusinternalizing（内化）yourvictimization.Thetruthis,yourlifeislikelytostaythatwayaslongasyoufeelaneedtoblameyourselforothers.Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently・Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives,buttheydon"tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses,yettheydon"tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens,theyhavechoiceinthemailer.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred（*申圣白勺）momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.Victimsandcreatorsliveinthesamephysicalworldanddealwithmanyofthesamephysicalrealities,yettheirexperienceoflifeisworldsapart.Victimsrelish（沉溺）inanger,guilt,andotheremotionsthatcauseothers—andeventhemselves—tofeellikevictims,too.Creatorsconsciouslychooselove,inspiration,andotherqualitieswhichinspirenotonlythemselves,butallaroundthem.Bothvictimsandcreatorsalwayshavechoicetodeterminethedirectionoftheirlives・Inreality,allofusplaythevictimorthecreatoratvariouspointsinourlives・Oneperson,onlosingajoboraspecialrelationship,mayfeelasifitistheendoftheworldandsinkintoterriblesufferingformonths,years,orevenalifetime.Anotherwiththesameexperiencemaychoosetofirstexperiencethegrief,thenacceptthelossandsoonmoveontobeapowerfulcreativeforceinhislife.Ineverymomentandeverycircumstance,youcanchoosetohaveafuller,richerlifebysettingaclearintentiontotransformthevictimwithin,andbyinvitingintoyourlifethepowerfulcreatorthatyouare.51•Whatdoestheword“They，"inParagraph1probablyreferto?A.Peopleandthingsaroundyou.B.Opportunitiesandproblems.C.Creatorsandtheirchoices・D.Victimsandtheirsufferings.52.AccordingtoParagraph2,creators•A.seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresinlifeB・possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC・handleupsanddownsoflifewiselyD.havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew53.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.Creatorsandvictimsfacequitedifferentthingsinlife.B・Creatorsandvictimsaremastersoftheirlives. C・Victimscaninfluencemorepeoplethancreators・D.Comparedwithvictims,creatorsaremoreemotional.52.TheexamplesmentionedinParagraph4showthat・A.strongattachmenttosufferingsinlifepullspeopleintovictimsB.peopleneedfamilysupporttodealwithchallengesinlifeC.ittakescreatorsquitealongtimetogetridoftheirpainsD.onefsexperiencesdeterminehisattitudetowardlife53.Whatistheauthor"spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Todefinevictimsandcreators.B.Toevaluatevictimsagainstcreators・C.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweenvictimsandcreators・D.Tosuggestthetransformationfromvictimstocreators・【要点综述】victim”和"acreator•”拥有不同的生活方式。“avictim"生活在一个寒冷、痛苦的世界中；而"acreator"生活在一个积极向上、能够掌握自己生活命运的世界中。作者建议应从"avictim"转变成“acreator"。51.A词义猜测题。根据第一段后半部分可知答案。52.C推理判断题。由第二段可知答案。53.B推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph2?A.Thescenesarecolorfulandchangeable・B・Therearemanywindowsinthewoodenhouse.C・Theviewsremindusthatweareinawoodenhouse・D.Thelakesoutsidethewindowsarequitedifferentincolor.Bymentioningthenamesofthetrees,theauthoraimstoshowthat.A.thekidslikeplayingintreesB・thekidsareveryfamiliarwithtreesC.thekidshavelearnedmuchknowledgeD・（hekidsfindtreesusefullearningtoolsWhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.Thechangeofseasonsiseasilyfelt.B・Theseasonsmakethesceneschange・Bothvictimsandcreatorsalwayshavechoicetodeterminethedirectionoftheirlives•^可知答案。54.A推理判断题。根据此段中的"•••mayfeelasifitistheendoftheworldandsinkintoterriblesufferingformonths,years,orevenalifetime”可知答案。55.D主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知答案。92.Onahill600feetabovethesurroundingland,wewatchthelinesofrainmoveacrossthescene,themoonriseoverthehills,andthestarsappearinthesky.Theviewsinvitealonglookfromacomfortablechairinfrontofthewoodenhouse・Everywindowinourwoodenhousehasaview,andtheforestandlakesseldomlookthesameasthehourbefore・Eachlookremindsuswhereweare.Thereisspaceforourthreeboystoplayoutside,toshootarrows,collecttreeseeds,buildearthhousesandclimbtrees.Ourkidshavelearnedthenamesofthetrees,andwiththenameshavecomefamiliarityandappreciation.Astheytellallwhoshowevenapassinginterest,maple（枫树）makesthebestfightingsticksandwhitepinesarethebestclimbingtrees・Theairiscleanandfresh・Thewaterfromthewellhasapleasanttaste,anditisperhapsthehealthiestwaterourkidswilleverdrink・Thoughtheyhaveoneglassadayofjuiceandtherestiswater,theyneversayanythingagainstthat.The_seasons_change_iust_outside_the_door.Wewatchthemaplesturneveryshadeofyellow andredinthefallandnotethepoplars?（杨树）puttingoutthefirstgreenleavesofspring.Therainbowsmeltfillsthelocalstreamastheicegraduallydisappears,andthewoodfrogsstarttosinginpoolsafterbeingfrozenforthewinter.Afamilyofbirdsrulesourskiesandfliesoverthelake・C・Theweatheroftenchangesintheforest.D・Thedoorisagoodpositiontoenjoychangingseasons.44.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?A.Todescribethebeautyofthescenearoundthehouse・B•Tointroduceherchildren^happylifeintheforest・C.Toshowthatlivingintheforestishealthful.D・Tosharethejoyoflivinginthenature.【要点综述】本文为记叙文，描述了作者与家人身居大自然中的切身感受。文章主要展示了作者居住环境的优美和在此美景中生活的惬意。41.A推理判断题。本段中提到，每面窗户都会有一幅不同的风景，森林和湖泊与一小时之前所见到的都不一样。据此可知，作者身居的环境是多彩和变化的。故选A。42.C推理判断题。根据第四段话中“Ourkidshavelearnedthenamesofthetrees-••Astheytellall…whitepinesarethebestclimbingtrees."可知孩子们已经了解了周围环境包括树在内的很多知识。故答案选C。43.A推理判断题。根据本段对于周围大自然的变化的描述可知，作者身处此地，能够很容易地感觉到季节的变换。故答案为A。44.D推理判断题。此题推测文章的写作目的。通读全文，不难了解，作者是与读者分享身居大自然中的快乐生活。故答案为D。93.ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstress-relateddisorders・Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesameufight-or-flight^reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysicalconflict(“fight”)，ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation(“flight”).However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefight-or-flightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled"tendandbefriend/*Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung(“tend"),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers—speciallyotherfemales(“befriend”).Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefight-or-flightreactiontostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody・TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletend-or-befriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone.Thishormone,calledoxytocin，hasbeenstudiedinthecontextofchildbirth,butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Theprincipalinvestigator,Dr.ShelleyE.Taylor,explainedthat"animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.MWhilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.Intermsofeverydaybehavior,theUCLAstudyfoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelythanmentoseeksocialcontactwhentheyarefeelingstressed.Theymayphonerelativesorfriends,oraskdirectionsiftheyarelost.Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,copingwithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexplainthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstress-relateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetend-and-befriendregulatory(调节白勺)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexplain whywomenonaverageliveIongerthanmen.72.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostress,menaremorelikelythanwomentoA・turntofriendsforhelpA.solveaconflictcalmlyB.findanescapefromrealityC.seekcomfortfromchildren73.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtothepassage?A.Menhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomendo.A.Oxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandwomen.C・Bothanimalsandpeoplehavehighlevelsofoxytocin.D.Oxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonmen.74.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A・Malehormoneshelpbuildupthebody"sresistancetostress・A.Inafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherdoes.B.Biologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralresponsestostress・C.TheUCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchfindings-75.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowmenandwomengetoverstressB.HowmenandwomensufferfromstressB.HowresearchersovercomestressproblemsC.Howresearchershandlestress-relateddisorders【要点综述】本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。72.C细节理解题。根据第二段中Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefight-or-flightresponse…和•••theyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation（"flight""）.可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。73.D细节理解题。根据第三段中…animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones^激素）releasedbythebody.和Whilemenalsosec储化（分泌）oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.可判断，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin,但是影响打折扣。74.C推理推断题。根据第五段中Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.推出在面对压力时，生理上的不同会导致行为的差异。所以选C。75.A主旨大意题。本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因，然后谈男女如何克服压力。