高考英语语法精讲——主语从句

高考英语语法精讲——主语从句

Grammar—thesubjectclauses语法—名词性从句之主语从句I、概述在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；关系副词：when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever等。含有主语从句的句子，谓语动词多用第三人称单数形式。语序为陈述语序。Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢她不管我的事。Whathesaidistrue.Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.II.分类详解1.从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不做成分，不能省略。Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否会来仍是一个问题。Thattheywillgoiscertain.他们去是肯定的。2.it作形式主语引导主语从句。如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that不可省略。用作it作形式主语的结构：(1).Itis/was+形容词+that从句It’snaturalthat…很自然……It’sobviousthat…显而易见……It’sfortunatethat…幸运的是It’s(im)possible…（不）可能……It’sunlikelythat…不可能It’sstrangethat…奇怪的是……(2).Itis/was+名词+that从句It’sapitythat…遗憾的是……It’safactthat…事实是……It’sgoodnewsthat…是好消息……It’sawonderthat…不足为奇……It’sanhonourthat…非常荣幸……It’sashamethat…真是可耻……It’scommonknowledgethat…是常识…(3).Itis/was+过去分词+that从句It’snotknownthat………不得而知It’ssaidthat…据说……It’sreportedthat…据报道……It’snotdecidedthat…尚未决定It’sbelievedthat…据认为……It’sannouncedthat…据宣布……It’ssuddenlystruckmethat…我突然想到（感觉到）……(4).It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemsthat…似乎……Ithappenedthat…碰巧……Itappearsthat…看来……Itturnsoutthat…结果……Itoccurstomethat…我突然想起……(5).其他Itdoesn’tmatter…是无关紧要的Itmakesnodifference…毫无区别……Itisoflittleconsequencethat…无关紧要4 Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.It"sstrangethathedidn"tcomeyesterday.ItissaidthathehasgonetoShanghai.(=HeissaidtohavegonetoShanghai)Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.ItoccurredtomethatIfailedintheexamination.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.Itmakesnodifferencetomewhetheryougoornot.3、由关系代词引导的主语从句。（1）关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.。Whomadethelongdistancecallisnotimportant.（2）what引导主语从句“……的东西/事情”时，可用来表示thething(s)which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西与一件事情。what，who，whom，which，可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。WhatIneed(=ThethingwhichIneed)isamobilephone.Whoeverleavestheoffice(=Anyonewholeavestheoffice)shouldtellme.4、关系副词引导的主语从句。连接副词有when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。Whyhedidn"tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.Howatelephoneworksisaquestionwhichnoteveryonecananswer.WhereshehasgoneisnotknownyetWhentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.。Whyhediditdidn"tconcernme.5、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况。（1）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时，主语从句不可提前，用引导词it作形式主语。Isitreallytruethathehasgoneabroad?Howsurprisingitwasthathefailedintheexam!（2）Itissaid,reported,…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itissaidthattheplayisveryinteresting.Itisreportedthatthehighwaywillbeopenedtotrafficnextweek.（3）Ithappens,occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itoccurredtoherthatshehadforgottentolockthedoor.IthappenedthatImethiminthestreet.（4）Itdoesn’tmatterhow,whetherornot…结构中的主语从句不可提前。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesitornotItdoesn’tmatterhowhewillcome.（5）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。4 (误)IfTomreallytrustmeisstilldoubtful.(正)ItisdoubtfulifTomreallytrustme.(正)WhetherTomreallytrustmeisstilldoubtful.6、it作形式主语与it引导强调句的比较。it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构（特别是谓语较短时），主语从句的连词没有变化。而it引导强调句则是对某一句子成分的强调（这一成分可以是词、词组或句子），其结构是“Itis(was)+强调成分+that”。无论强调什么成分，都要求用连接词that(强调人时可以用who代替)。Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.（主语从句）ItisinNewYorkthatImethim.（强调句）7.从句的否定前移用作it形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾说时，主语从句的否定词常要前移至主句中，例如：Itdoesn’tseemthattheyarefromthesameuniversity.Itdoesn’tappearthatwewillhaveasunnydaytomorrow.8、语气　　在Itisnecessary/natural/important/strange...+that-clause这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用"should+原形",表虚似语气.例如:　Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbesettledatonce.　　It"sstrangethatheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.感受高考1.somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How答案：B考点:本题考查主语从句。句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。解析：从句中缺宾语，只能用B.what来引导.C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。2．—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?—OK,youwant.A．whicheverB．howeverC．whateverD．whoever答案：C考点：本题考查引导词。解析：句意：“这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？”“好啊，按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。3．Itisuncertainsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A．thatB．whatC．howD．whether答案：B4.Itisobvioustothestudents______theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that答案D巩固练习1.Does_______matterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime?　　A.thisB.thatC.heD.it2.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.　　A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for3._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.4 　　A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4._______whattheytoldmereallytrue?　　A.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have5.Itmatterslittle_____amandies,but______mattersmuchis______helives.　　A.how;what;howB.how;it;howC.why;it;whyD.that;what;that6._______shecouldn"tunderstandwas_______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.　　A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that7.Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.　　A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how8._______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.　　A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which9.-Whatmadeherparentssoangry?　　-_______shehadfailedintheexamination.　　A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.That10._______we"llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.　　A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where11.-Doyouremember_______hecame?　　-Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.　　A.howB.whenC.thatD.if12.Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition.　　A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whomever13.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.　　-Isthat_______youhadafewdaysoff?　　A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where14.)Itcouldbejudgefromhereyesshewasverysatisfiedwithherperformance.A．whatB．whichC．thatD．where15.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_______atleastaforeignlanguage.　　A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster4