英语语法——情态动词

英语语法——情态动词

英语语法——情态动词语法热身    常见考点Studythefollowinggrammaticalpointscarefullyandprepareyourselfforthepreparatoryexercise.    英语中常用的情态动词有can/could,may/might,must,need,dare,oughtto,should,shall,will/would。情态动词有词义，但不完全，所以必须和实义动词构成合成谓语。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化。情态动词不必借助助动词就可构成否定句和疑问句。    can/couldcan意为“能够，会”，有示有能力或客观可能性。canhavedone表示对已经发生的事情的确定的猜测，说话人确定的语气不及musthavedone强烈。could是can的过去式，它可以表示过去的意义，也可以用在表示现在时态的句子中表示比较委婉客气的语气。如：    Ican’tunderstandwhatyousaid.Couldyouslowdownabit,please?我听不懂你说的话，请你说慢一点儿好吗？    Hecan’thaveknownaboutit.他不可能已经知道那件事了。    may/might    may意为“或许，可能”，表示说话人的猜测，其可能性没有can肯定。may也可以用来表示许可或询问。might除了是may的过去式外，还可以用于现在时态的句子中表示推测，其可能性没有may强。如：    Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Youmaygonow.”老师对学生们说：“你们现在可以走了。”    MayIuseyourbike?我可以用一下你的自行车吗？    Hetoldusthathemightcome,buthemightnot.他对我们说他可能来，可能不来。    must    must意为“必须，应该”，以must开始的疑问句用Yes,youmust.或No,youneedn’t.回答。must的否定式mustn’t意为“不许”。must也可以表示猜测，语气比may肯定，可以解释为“一定”。musthavedone表示对过去的事情肯定地推测，意为“必然已经……”。如：    －MustIhandinmyhomeworktoday?    －我必须今天交作业吗？    －No,youneedn’t.    －不，不必。    Youmustn’tparkyourcarhere.Readthatsign“Noparking”.你不允许把车停在这里。看那个牌子“请勿停车”。    Shemustbeout.Ijustcalledherhomeandnooneansweredthephone.她一定是出去了。我往她家里打电话，没有人接。    Hemusthaveknownthenews.他一定已经知道了那个消息。    oughtto    oughtto意为“应该，必须”，表示有责任或义务做某事。构成疑问句时，把ought提到句首即可。否定式为oughtnotto。Oughttohavedone意为“本该，早应该”，用来表示过去应该做的事情而没有做。如：    Oughtwetostartnow?我们现在可以开始了吗？    Yououghtnottohavesaidsuchthingstoyourparents.你本不该对你父母说这些话的。    dare    dare意为“敢于”，过去式为dared。dare常用疑问句中。dare也可做实义动词，这时dare后加动词不定式todo。如：7     Howdareyoudosuchathinglikethat?你怎么敢做出那样的事情来？    Thesoldiersdidn’tdaretodisobeythecommander’sword.士兵们不敢违抗军命。    need    need意为“需要”，只有一个形式。常用于否定句和疑问句中。在肯定句中用need的实义动词形式时，need后加动词不定式todo。need后接动名词形式时，表示被动意义。例如：    Weneedn’tcometotheschoolsoearlyinthemorning.我们不用这么早就到校。    Theflowersinthegardenneedtobewatered.    Theflowersinthegardenneedwatering.花园里的花需要浇水了。    shall    shall作情态动词时，主要用于第一人称的句中，表示征求对方的意见。shall用于第二、第三人称时，表示警告、命令等。如：    Shallwegotothemoviesaftersupper?我们晚饭后去看电影好吗？    Youshalldoitrightnow.你应该马上去做。    should    should意为“应该”，表示对对方进行劝告或建议，语气比must缓和。should也可表示推测，意为“可能”。Shouldhavedone和oughttohavedone同样都是“本该”的意思。如：    Youshouldtryyourbest.你应该尽力。    Iftheflighthadnotbeendelayedbythefog,heshouldhavearrivedinShanghaibynow.若不是航班被大雾耽搁，他现在就应该已经到上海了。    will/would    will表示说话人向对方提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中。would是will的过去式，但用于表示现在时态的句子中则比will更礼貌些。will用于第一、第二人称时表示意愿、决心，或表示在某种情况下必然会发生的动作。would用于表示过去时态的句子中，表示过去习惯进行的动作，或过去常常处于的状态。如：    will/Wouldyouhelpmewithmymaths?你能帮我补习数学吗？    Wewillsticktotheplanuntilitproducesthedesiredresult.我们会坚持实施计划，直到得出令人满意的结果为止。    Weusedtobeinthesameschool,andwewouldoftengohometogether.我们过去曾在一所学校上学，并且经常一起回家。        预备练习    区别句义Tellthedifferencebetweenthetwosentencesofeachgroup.    1.Willyoudomeafavor?    Wouldyoudomeafavor?    2.MayIuseyourdictionary?    CanIuseyourdictionary?    3.Youmustn’tsmokeinpublicplace.    Youmaynotsmokeinpublicplace.    4.Whatshallwedonow?    Whatshouldwedonow?    5.Thetaskcouldn’thavebeencompletedonschedulehadnotbeenforhishelp.    Thetaskwouldn’thavebeencompetedonschedulehadnotbeenforhishelp.    6.Youcandothattomorrow.    Youwillbeabletodothattomorrow.7     7.Theprofessorcan’tbeintheclassroomnow.    Theprofessormightnotbeintheclassroomnow.    8.Wecertainlyshouldbereadybythetimehecalls.    Wecertainlymustbereadybythetimehecalls.    情态动词填空Fillintheblankswithcorrectmodalverbsthatbestsuitthesentences.    1.Iwillbeawayonabusinesstrip.__________youmindlookingaftermycat?    2.Coal_________beusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.    3.Students__________notbringanyreferencebooksintotheexaminationroom.    4.Ididn’thearthephone.I________havebeenasleep.    5.__________Ismokeintheoffice?    6.You_________notknockatthedoor.Thereisadoorbellatthesideofthedoor.    7.You’dbettertakeyourraincoatwithyoubeforeyougoout.It________rain.    8.Theteacherthinksyouhavebrokenthewindow.Idon’tknowwhyhe________thinkso.    9.Everyonedislikedherforherhabit.She_________talkaboutherdaughteronandonwithoutanend.    10.I___________hardlyimaginehimsailingacrosstheAtlanticOceanalone.    11.Notice:Garbage___________notbedumpedhere.    12.Notice:Garbage_________notbedumpedhere.    13.__________happinessstaywithyouforever.    14.Youhavegivenmealotofhelpandyou__________notregretit.    15.Evenauthorities___________makemistakes.    16.You________nothavetoldhimthebadnews.Heistooyoungtoacceptthat.    17.Theteachergaveusasuggestionthatwe__________readthetextaloudeverymorning.    18.You___________obeymyorders,oryou__________bedismissed.    19.－NeedIhaveapassport?－Yes,Iamafraidyou____________!    20.ItisreallysurprisingthattheGreatWall_________haveexistedforsolong.    单项选择练习Foreachsentenceinthispart,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.    1.－________Iopenthewindow?     －Yes,please.    A.Do    B.Will    C.Shall    D.Would    2.TheYellowRiver_________tobethecradleoftheChinesenation.    A.cansay    B.canbesaid    C.said    D.wassaid    3.John________nowforthelightinhisroomisstillon.    A.muststudy    B.mustbestudying    C.musthavestudied    D.mustbestudied    4.Thefarmersgavethepoorgirlsomeclothesandfoodwithoutwhichshe_______ofhungerandcold.    A.woulddie    B.wouldbedied    C.willbedying    D.wouldhavedied    5.People_________lifeasajourney.    A.usedtoconsidering    B.usetoconsider    C.haveusedtoconsider    D.havebeenusedtoconsidering    6.Ifyou_________seeDrHenderson,givehimmyregards.    A.should    B.will    C.would    D.shall    7.Theroadsareallwet.It_________lastnight.    A.mustrain    B.musthaverained    C.mustberaining    D.musttorain7     8.Youaredrinkingtoomuchagain.You_________somuch.    A.oughtnottohavedrunk    B.oughtnottobedrunk    C.oughttohavedrunk    D.oughtnotdrink    9.You_________togo.    A.needn’t    B.need    C.hadn’tneed    D.didn’tneed    10.Heknewhe_______tellheraboutthat.    A.oughtnot    B.oughttonot    C.didn’toughtto    D.oughtnotto    11.I__________English,butIgettolikeitnow.    A.isnotusedtolike    B.usedn’ttoliking    C.usedn’ttolike    D.can’thaveseen    13.Withallthisworkonhand,he_______tothecinemalastnight.    A.mustn’t    B.oughtn’ttogo    C.wouldn’tgo    D.shouldn’thavegone    14.－_______thefilmbeonnow?     －It__________be,butI’mnottoosure.    A.Can;can’t    B.May;mustn’t    C.Must;needn’t    D.Can;may    15.－Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowforme?     －_________.    A.OK,Iwould    B.Sure,Iwouldn’t    C.Yes,Iwouldn’t    D.Why,Iwouldn’t    16.－Isentthenewmagazinestoherbypostthismorning.     －You_________that.Shecanbuytheminabookstore.    A.didn’thavetodo    B.needn’thavedone    C.mustn’tdo    D.needn’tdo    17._________tohavedinnerwithustoday?    A.Willyoulike    B.Wouldyoulike    C.Didyoulike    D.Haveyouliked    18.You__________returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextmonth.    A.can’tB.won’t    C.needn’t    D.wouldn’t    19.I_________playfootballthanbaseball.    A.wouldrather    B.hadbetter    C.likebetter    D.prefer    20.－Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?     －Which________doyourself?    A.doyourather    B.wouldyourather    C.willyourather    D.shouldyourather    21.Mother_________usstorieswhenwewereyoung.    A.wasusedtotell    B.isusedtotelling    C.usedtotell    D.usedtotelling    22.Ithoughtyou________likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.    A.may    B.might    C.could    D.must    23.Theworkerssoon__________thenewrulesandregulations.    A.usedto    B.beusedto    C.gotuseto    D.gotusedto    24.You__________belateforschoolagain.    A.hadn’tbetter    B.hadbetternotto    C.havebetternot    D.hadbetternot    25.Iwouldratheryou__________herthetruththedaybeforeyesterday.    A.didn’ttell    B.willcome    C.shouldcome    D.hascome    26.Who_________toseeusbutourteacher!    A.iscoming    B.willcome    C.shouldcome    D.hascome    27._________you________thatagain?    A.Do;daretosay    B.Dare;tosay    C.Do;daresay    D.Dare;say    28.Thecomputerdoesn’tworkproperly.Something_______wrongwithit.    A.wouldhavegone    B.havegone    C.mustbegoing    D.musthavegone    29.You_________hisluggageforhim.Hecarriedithimself.    A.didn’tneedtocarry    B.needn’thavecarried    C.didn’t’needcarrying    D.neededto7 carry    30.________ourfriendshiplivelong.    A.Shall    B.Will    C.May    D.Must    31.Linda________atthedancetonight,norwillPeter.    A.can’tbe    B.willbe    C.maynotbe    D.won’tbe    32.Theparentsmaynotbeashappyabouttheresultasthechildren,butthey_______tobe.    A.ought    B.should    C.would     D.may    33.－ManypeopleinEnglandlovetogiveadviceonweatherreporting.     －Yes,butIthinktheweatheroffice’scomputers_________bemoeraccurate.    A.can    B.might    C.must    D.oughtto    34.Youcanneverimaginesuchashorttrip___________besoexpensive.    A.might    B.should    C.will    D.may    35.－CouldyougivethesebookstoMrGreen?     －Certainly.__________himaboutsomethinginanycase,soitwon’tbeanybother.    A.Imaysee    B.I’llbeseeing    C.Icansee    D.Isee    36.－________Itellyourparentsallthathashappened?     －No,you_______!Theywouldbeterriblyangry.    A.Will;needn’t    B.Would;can    C.Should;mustn’t    D.Must;don’thaveto    37.Tobeonthesafeside,weshouldbringalongplentyoffood,becausewe______bedelayedbytheterribleweather.    A.should    B.must    C.could    D.would    38.Hewasn’tagoodrunner,sohe_________catchupwiththem.    A.wasableto    B.might    C.couldnot    D.isnotableto    39.How_______climbingthewall?    A.dareherisking    B.dareherisk    C.dareshetorisk    D.daresherisk    40.－Didyouhearmecomebacklastnight?     －No,I________asleep.    41.Igotupearly,butI_________sobecauseIhadnothingtodothatmorning.    A.musthavedone    B.needn’thavedone    C.didn’tneedtodo    D.can’thavedone    42.Weusedtohavesupperat7:p.m.,butnowwe________itat6:00p.m.    A.had    B.have    C.has    D.usedtohave    43.Whereverhe__________thesedays,healwayscarrieshisraincoat.    A.shallgo    B.isgoing    C.wouldgo    D.goes    44.Hurryup!They_______forusatthegate.    A.mustwait    B.mustbewaiting    C.oughttowait    D.mustbewaited    45.WheredoyouthinkBob________be?Hewashereonlyamomentago.    A.can    B.must    C.should    D.need    46.We’relostnow.We_______awrongturnatthelastcrossroad.    A.canhavemade    B.mustmake    C.musthavemade    D.shouldhavemade    47.－You_________takewhicheverdrinkyoulike.     －Thanksalot.    A.must    B.haveto    C.may    D.would    48.Thebus_______atsix,butitarrivedanhourlate.    A.shouldhavearrived    B.shouldarrive    C.oughttoarrive    D.mustarrive    49.Don’tthrowthebagaway.It_________inthefuture.    A.isneeded    B.mightbeneeded    C.mayneed    D.shallbeneeded7     50.Iwishit__________befinetomorrow.    A.should    B.isgoingto    C.isto    D.would        真题自测    单项选择Foreachsentenceinthispart,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.    1.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_______behereatanymoment.    A.must    B.need    C.should    D.can    2.Johnny,you_______playwiththeknife,you_______hurtyourself.    A.won’tcan’t    B.mustn’t;may    C.shouldn’t;must    D.can’t;shouldn’t    3.－WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.     －They_______bereadyby12:00.    A.can    B.should    C.might    D.need    4.－ShallltellJohnaboutit?     －No,you________.I’vetoldhimalready.    A.needn’t    B.wouldn’t    C.mustn’t    D.shouldn’t    5.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.    A.should    B.can    C.must    D.will    6.－IsJohncomingbytrain?     －Heshould,buthe__________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.    A.must    B.can    C.need    D.may    7.－CouldIborrowyourdictionary?     －Yes,ofcourseyou_________.    A.might    B.will    C.can    D.should    8.Peter_________comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.    A.must    B.may    C.can    D.will    9.lshouldhavebeenhere,butI________notfindthetime.    A.would    B.could    C.might    D.should    10.－Willyoustayforlunch?     －Sorry,_______Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.    A.Imustn’t    B.Ican’t    C.Ineedn’t    D.Iwon’t    11.Naturally,afterItoldherwhattodo,mydaughtergoanddotheopposite!    A.may    B.can    C.would    D.should    12.Acomputer________thinkforitself,itmustbeto1dwhattodo.    A.can’t    B.couldn’t    C.maynot    D.mightnot    13.－Writetomewhenyougethome.    A.Imust    B.Ishould    C.lwill    D.Ican    14.－Theroomissodirty.__________wecleanit?     －Ofcourse.    A.Will    B.Shall    C.Would    D.Do    15.He_________hisparentsabouthisfailureintheexam.    A.daresnottell    B.darenottell    C.isnotdaringtotell    D.darenottelling    16.－CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?     －Yes,you________.    A.will    B.could    C.may    D.might    17.Mary’sscoreonthetestisthehighestinherclass;she________havestudiedveryhard.    A.may    B.should    C.must    D.oughtto     参考答案7     预备练习/情态动词填空    1.Would    2.can    3.must    4.must     5.Can    6.need    7.may/might/will    8.should     9.would    10.can        11.must    12.need     13.May    14.will    15.can    16.should     17.should    18.must,will    19.must    20.should    预备练习/单项选择练习    1.C    2.B    3.B    4.D    5.D    6.A    7.B    8.A    9.D    10.D    11.C    12.D    13.D    14.D    15.D    16.B    17.B    18.C    19.    20.B    21.C    22.B    23.D    24.D    25.B    26.C    27.D    28.D    29.A    30.C    31.D    32.A    33.D    34.B    35.B    36.C    37.C    38.B    39.B    40.A    41.B    42.B    43.D    44.B    45.A    46.C    47.C    48.A    49.B    50.D    真题自测/单项选择    1.D    2.B    3.B    4.D    5.B    6.D    7.C    8.B    9.B    10.B    11.C    12.A    13.C    14.B    15.B    16.C    17.C    真题解析    1.canbe表示可能性，意为“有可能”。    2.mustn’t意为“不许”，后半句表示可能会伤到自己，用may。    3.shouldn意为“应该”，表示按常理应该如此。    4.shouldn’t用来回答shall开头的句子，表示不应该。    5.can表示“可以，能够”的意思。    6.may表示对现在的情况的猜测，意为“有可能”。    7.could表示礼貌的语气，用来提问，回答用can。    8.may表示可能性，与后面的isn’tverysure相一致。    9.could表示有能力做某事。这句话前面表示本该在这里，后面表示没有能力抽出空来。    10.这里Ican’t表示不能够。    11.must表示对一般憎况的肯定的猜测，可以解释为“肯定”。    12.这里can’t表示没有能力。    13.Will表示意愿，意为“会（做某事）”。    14.shall用于第一人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见。    15.dare作情态动词时，否定形式是darenotdosth.；做实义动词时，否定形式是do/doesnotdaretodosth。        16.may表示许可，意为“可以”。    17.musthavedone是表示对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测，意为“肯定”。7